INDIAN RAIWAY
| Rail transport in India | |
|---|---|
| Operation | |
| National railway | Indian Railways |
| Statistics | |
| Ridership | 8.116 billion (2017)[1] |
| Passenger km | 1,149.835 billion (2017)[1] |
| Freight | 1.106 billion tonnes (2017)[1] |
| System length | |
| Total | |
| Electrified | |
| Track gauge | |
| 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge | 61,680 km (38,330 mi)[1] |
| 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1/2 in) standard gauge | Not available |
| 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3/8 in) metre gauge | 3,479 km (2,162 mi)[1] |
| Two narrow gauges, 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) and 610 mm (2 ft) | 2,208 km (1,372 mi)[1] |
| Features | |
| Longest tunnel | Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel, 11.215 km (6.969 mi) |
| No. bridges | 133,160 (2011)[2] |
| Longest bridge | Vembanad Rail Bridge, 4.62 km (2.87 mi)[3] |
| No. stations | 7,216[1] |
| Highest elevation | 2,257 m (7,405 ft)[4] |
| at | Ghum on the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway |
| Lowest elevation | 4 m (13 ft) |
| at | Barra Bazar |
RaL
| Rail transport in India | |
|---|---|
| Operation | |
| National railway | Indian Railways |
| Statistics | |
| Ridership | 8.116 billion (2017)[1] |
| Passenger km | 1,149.835 billion (2017)[1] |
| Freight | 1.106 billion tonnes (2017)[1] |
| System length | |
| Total | |
| Electrified | |
| Track gauge | |
| 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge | 61,680 km (38,330 mi)[1] |
| 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1/2 in) standard gauge | Not available |
| 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3/8 in) metre gauge | 3,479 km (2,162 mi)[1] |
| Two narrow gauges, 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) and 610 mm (2 ft) | 2,208 km (1,372 mi)[1] |
| Features | |
| Longest tunnel | Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel, 11.215 km (6.969 mi) |
| No. bridges | 133,160 (2011)[2] |
| Longest bridge | Vembanad Rail Bridge, 4.62 km (2.87 mi)[3] |
| No. stations | 7,216[1] |
| Highest elevation | 2,257 m (7,405 ft)[4] |
| at | Ghum on the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway |
| Lowest elevation | 4 m (13 ft) |
| at | Barra Bazar |
R transport is an important mode of transport in India.
All main-line rail operations in India are handled by Indian Railways (IR), a state-owned organization of the Ministry of Railways. As of March 2017, the rail network comprises 121,407 km (75,439 mi) of track[5] over a route of 67,368 km (41,861 mi) and 7,216 stations.[1]It is the fourth-largest railway network in the world (after those of the United States, Russia and China).[6] Thirty eight percent of the routes are electrified with 25 KV AC electric traction while thirty-three percent of them are double or multi-tracked.[1]
It is one of the busiest networks in the world, transporting 8.107 billion passengers and over 1.108 billion tonnes of freight annually, as of 2016.[1] Indian Railways is the world's eighth largest employer, with more than 1.308 million employees as of March 2017.[1] As of March 2017, IR's rolling stock consisted of 277,987 freight wagons, 70,937 passenger coaches and 11,452 locomotives.[1] IR owns locomotive and coach-production facilities at several locations in India.
The urban rail transit systems across the country are operated independently of Indian Railways. There are currently 11 operational rapid transit (also called 'metro') systems in ten cities in India. As of November 2017, India has 425 kilometres (264 miles) of operational metro lines and 347 stations. A further 500+ km of lines are under construction.
Contents
[hide]History[edit]
Rail transport in India began in the early nineteenth century.
1832–1852: Industria
The first proposals for railways in India were made in Madras in 1832.[7] The first train in India ran from Red Hills to Chintadripet bridge in 1837.[7] It was called Red Hill Railway and used a rotary steam locomotive manufactured by William Avery. The railway was built by Sir Arthur Cotton and was mainly used for transporting granite stones for road-building work in Madras.[7] In 1845 Cotton built the Godavari Dam Construction Railway at Dowleswaram in Rajahmundry, used to supply stones for construction of a dam over Godavari.[7]
On 8 May 1845, Madras Railway was incorporated, and East India Railway (EIR) was incorporated the same year. On 1 August 1849 Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR) was incorporated by an Act of Parliament. A "Guarantee System" providing free land and guaranteeing rates of return (5%) to private English companies building railways was finalized on 17 August 1849. In 1851 the Solani Aqueduct Railway was built in Roorkee, hauled by a steam locomotive called Thomason, named after a British officer. It was used for transporting construction materials for an aqueduct over the Solani river.[7] In 1852 the Madras Guaranteed Railway Company was incorporated.
1853–1924: Passenger railways and expansion[edit]
The first passenger train in India ran between Bombay (Bori Bunder) and Thane on 16 April 1853. The 14-carriage train was hauled by three steam locomotives: Sahib, Sindh and Sultan. It could carry 400 people and ran on a line of 34 kilometres (21 mi) built and operated by GIPR.[8][9] This line was built in 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge, which became the standard for railways in the country. In Eastern India, the first passenger railway train ran from Howrah (near Calcutta) to Hoogly on 15 August 1854. The 39-kilometre (24 mi) line was built and operated by EIR.[10] In May 1854 the Bombay–Thane line was extended to Kalyan by building India's first railway bridge, the Dapoorie viaduct, over Ulhas river.[11] The line was extended to Khopoli in 1855. In August 1855, EIR Express and Fairy Queen steam locomotives started hauling trains.[12] The first passenger train in South India ran from Royapuram and Veyasarapady (Madras) to Wallajah Road (Arcot) on 1 July 1856 on a 97-kilometre (60 mi) line built and operated by Madras Railway.[13]
On 24 February 1873 the first tramway, a 3.8-kilometre (2.4 mi) horse-drawn tramway, opened in Calcutta between Sealdah and Armenian Ghat Street.[14] On 9 May 1874 a horse-drawn tramway began operation in Bombay between Colaba and Parel. In 1880 Calcutta Tramways Company was incorporated.[15]
GIPR started its first workshops in Byculla in 1854 and Madras Railway set up their first workshop at Perambur in 1856. The railway boom continued with the incorporation of Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) in 1855,[16] Eastern Bengal Railway in 1858,[17] and East Coast State Railway in 1890. Great South Indian Railway (GSIR) and Carnatic Railway merged in 1874 to form the South Indian Railway.
In 1897 lighting in passenger coaches was introduced by many railway companies. In 1902 the Jodhpur Railway became the first to introduce electric lights as standard fixtures. In 1920 electric lighting of signals was introduced between Dadar and Currey Road in Bombay.
1925–1950: Electrification and further expansion[edit]
The first railway budget was presented in 1925. The Oudh and Rohilkhund Railway was merged with EIR in the same year.[18][19] In 1930, Hyderabad-Godavary Valley Railway was merged with Nizam's state railway.
On 3 February 1925 India's first electric passenger train ran between Victoria terminus and Kurla, on 1500 V DC overhead traction[20] with locomotives provided by Cammell Laird and Uerdingenwagonfabrik companies. Later that year the VT–Bandra section was electrified with an elevated platform at Sandhurst Road.[20] Kurla–Kalyan and lines to Poona and Igatpuri were electrified in 1926[20] and the Bandra–Virar section was electrified by January 1928. On 1 June 1930 the Deccan Queen began running, hauled by a WCP-1 (No. 20024, old No. EA/1 4006) with 7 coaches, on the GIPR's electrified route from Bombay VT to Poona (Pune).[21]
The Frontier Mail made its inaugural run in 1928 between Bombay VT and Peshawar.[22] In 1929 the Grand Trunk Express began running between Peshawar and Mangalore[23] and Punjab Limited Express began running between Mumbai and Lahore. Technical advancements saw automatic colour-light signals first become operational on GIPR's lines between Bombay VT and Byculla in 1928[24] and were extended to the Byculla–Kurla section the following year.
1951–1983: Zonal re-organisation and further developments[edit]
India's railways were re-organised into regional zones beginning in 1951[25] with the creation of Southern Railway on 14 April and Central Railway and Western Railway on 5 November.[26] The post of Chief Commissioner of Railways was abolished and the Railway Board adopted the practice of making its senior-most member Chairman.[26] Also in 1951, the government of West Bengal entered into an agreement with the Calcutta Tramways Co. to take over its administrative functions. On 14 April 1952 Northern Railway, Eastern Railway and North-Eastern Railway were created.[26] On 1 August 1955 South-Eastern Railway was split from Eastern Railway, and the following year divisional systems of administration were set up for the various regional zones. In 1958 the North-Eastern Railway split to form a new Northeast Frontier Railway.[26]
In 1952 fans and lights were mandated for all compartments in all classes of passenger accommodation and sleeping accommodation was introduced in coaches. In 1956 the first fully air-conditioned train was introduced between Howrah and Delhi.[27] In 1966 the first containerized freight services began, between Bombay and Ahmedabad.
In 1957 India Railways took a decision to adopt 25 kV AC electrification and chose SNCF (French National Railway) as technical consultant.[28] The Main Line Electrification Project was established in the same year.[29] Raj Kharswan–Dongoposi became the first section to be electrified with 25 kV AC traction[28] with the first train running on 11 August 1960.[28] In 1966 electrification of several suburban tracks around Delhi, Madras and Calcutta was completed with the 25 kV AC system. In 1979 the Main Line Electrification Project was reconstituted into Central Organization for Railway Electrification (CORE).
1984–present: Rapid transit and later developments[edit]
Calcutta Metro became the first metro in the country[30] with the 24 October 1984 line between Esplanade and Bhowanipur (now the Netaji Bhawan station).[31] In 1988 the first Shatabdi Express was introduced between New Delhi and Jhansi (later extended to Bhopal), and was the fastest train at the time.[32] In 1993 air-conditioned 3-tier coaches were introduced as well as a sleeper class separate from second class. In 1999 South East Central was constituted. On 6 July 2002 the East Coast, South Western, South East Central, North Central, and West Central zones were created.[33] On 5 April 2016 Gatiman Express, India's fastest train at a maximum speed of 160 km/h (99 mph), made its first run from Delhi to Agra.[34]
India's first computerized ticketing and reservation was introduced at New Delhi in 1986.[35] In 1990 the first self-printing ticket machine (SPTM) was introduced. In September 1996 the CONCERT computerized reservation system was fully deployed at New Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai, and was completed nationwide on 18 April 1999. In 1998 coupon validating machines (CVMs) were introduced at Mumbai CST. Credit cards were accepted for booking tickets and reservations starting in 1999. Indian Railways launched its web site in February 2000[36] and began taking online train reservations and ticketing on 3 August 2002, which was extended to many cities in December.[37] On 26 September 2013 the Tatkal system of ticketing extended to ordinary trains.
On 16 January 1995 the first regularly scheduled services using the 2 × 25 kV system of traction started on Bina–Katni. On 5 February 2012 Western Railway switched completely to 25 kV AC traction, ending its use of 1.5 kV DC traction.[38] On 11 April 2016 Central Railway completed switching to 25 kV AC traction, ending the use of DC traction on the country's main-line rail network.[39] Indian Railways announced on 31 March 2017 that the entire rail network would be electrified by 2022.[40]
 | |
| Subsidiary of the Indian Railway | |
| Industry | Railways |
| Headquarters | New Delhi, NCT, India |
Area served
| India |
| Products | e-ticketing, offline booking, online booking |
| Services | Catering, Tourism and Online Ticketing |
| Parent | Indian Railways |
| Website | https://irctc.co.in/ |
Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) is a subsidiary of the Indian Railways that handles the catering, tourism and online ticketing operations of the Indian railways. It's tagline is "Lifeline of the nation".
Contents
[hide]Services
It is known for changing the face of railway ticketing in India. It pioneered internet-based rail ticket booking through its website, as well as from the mobile phones via WiFi, GPRS or SMS. It also provides SMS facility to check PNR status[1], Live Train Status[2] as well. In addition to e-tickets, Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation also offers I-tickets that are basically like regular tickets except that they are booked online and delivered by post. The tickets PNR status is also made available. Commuters on the suburban rail can also book season tickets through the website. It has also launched a loyalty program called Shubh Yatra for frequent travelers. Through this program, passengers can avail of discounts on all tickets booked round the year by paying an upfront annual fee.
Seeking to make it easier to book e-tickets, It launched a scheme called Rolling Deposit Scheme (RDS). RDS is a hassle-free e-ticket booking scheme allowing passengers to reserve seats against advance money kept with the corporation.[3] It has also added flights and hotels booking facilities to their line of online reservation services.[4]
Tatkal scheme[edit]
Under the Tatkal scheme, passengers who plan their journey at short notice can book their tickets in almost all Mail/Express trains through the Indian railways internet portal. The booking starts at 10:00 AM daily for AC coach reservation and for NON-AC timing is residual to 11.00 AM, one day prior to the departure of the train from source station.[5] Tatkal E-ticket can be booked for selected trains one day in advance excluding date of journey from the train originating station. It can be booked on the opening day from 10:00 AM onwards for AC coach and 11:00 AM onwards for NON-AC.[6] Passengers travelling on Tatkal tickets should carry a photo ID proof along with them to be shown to the ticket checker. Earlier this year, the website has launched Lite version which doesn't include ads, pop ups, etc. and check pnr status.[7]
Catering[edit]
Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation also organizes catering on many important trains. Catering managed by IRCTC has a higher record of quality consistency. To give a freedom to passengers from conventional food (ecatering and Android App[1] ) service has been launched. Passengers can book food of their choice from vendors like Dominos to Halidram at select stations. Food is delivered at the seat . This project has the potential to become big.
Tourism[edit]
Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation also organises budget and deluxe package tours for domestic and foreign tourists. A popular tourism package for budget tourists covering important tourist destinations across India is called "Bharat Darshan". Luxury tourism packages are also available, that involve special luxury trains such as Buddhist Circuit Train and Maharajas' Express operation.[8]
Apart from conventional tourism, it also offers adventure tourism packages that include water sports, adventure and wildlife treks, etc. A provision for customising tours as per specific requirements is also an added attraction. Recently a new venture of Indian Railways, named as Rail Tourism India has been launched to provide direct catering and tourism packages to users.
Milestones[edit]
As one of the biggest e-commerce portal in India, it made a lot of records.
- On 2 September 2013, nearly 5,82,000 tickets booked in a day.
- On 19 March 2014, nearly 5,80,000 tickets booked in a day.[9]
- On 1 April 2015, Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) created a new national record with 13,45,496 tickets booked in a day.[10]
- On 2 April 2015, nearly 11,00,000 tickets booked in a day.[11]
- In April 2015, nearly 13,40,000 tickets booked in a day.[12]
- The inaugural of Tejas Express was on 24th May 2017 from Mumbai CST to Karmali, Goa[13]
- Extension of Scheme of Alternate Train Accommodation System aka VIKALP for the benefit of Waitlisted Passengers with effect from 1st April, 2017 in all Mail/Express trains. [14][15]
- From 03 November. 2017, Service started to provide information to passengers through (SMS) regarding status of delayed trains. Initially, all Rajdhani, Shatabdi, Tejas & Gatiman Trains covered. From 15 December, 2017, all Jan shatabdis, Duranto and Garib Rath trains have also been included. Now this service is available in around 250 trains. [16] [17][18]
Awards and achievements[edit]
Within short span of its going online, it had become the largest and the fastest-growing e-commerce website in the Asia-Pacific region, with about six lakh registered users as of 2013.
Some of the other awards won by Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation are:
- Won Website of the Year India Award 2014
- Won Dalal Street Investment Journal (DSIJ) PSU award 2014 for the Biggest E-Commerce portal in India
- Won News Ink legend PSU Shining Awards 2014 in the category – Legend PSU of the year for Customer Friendly Operations
- Conferred with Indian e-Retail Awards 2015, in the category “Leisure and Travel eRetailer of the Year”
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "PNR STATUS through SMS".
- ^ "Live Train Status through SMS".
- ^ Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation to launch 'Rolling Deposit Scheme' for e-ticket - Economic Times. Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com (28 August 2012). Retrieved on 23 September 2013.
- ^ "Indian Railways to introduce Rolling Deposit Scheme for E-Ticketing". Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ^
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